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2022-10-29
本文目录一览:
你好,下面是我的总结,基本上包括了比较常见的语言学理论及其提出者:
Naming Theory——命名理论——Plato
Design Features——语言的结构/设计/甄别特征——Charles Hockett
Langue and Parole——语言与言语——F.de Saussure
Competence and Performance——语言能力与语言运用——Noam Chomsky
Semantic Triangle Theory——语义三角理论——Odgen Richards
Semantic Field——语义场——J. Trier
Speech Act Theory——言语行为理论——John Austin
Cooperative Principle——合作原则——Paul Grice
Systemic Functional Grammar——系统功能语法——M.A.K.Halliday
Register(field,tenor,mode)——语域(语场、语旨和语式)——M.A.K.Halliday
Metafunctions of language(ideational,interpersonal,textual)————元话语功能(概念功能、人际功能、语篇功能)——M.A.K.Hallidayy
Theme and Rheme————主位和述位————Mathesius
Predication Analysis————述谓结构分析————Geoffrey Leech
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis——萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说——Edward Sapir Benjamin Whorf
IC Analysis (Immediate Constituent Analysis)——直接成分分析——Leonard Bloomfield
LAD(Language Aquisition Device)——语言获得机制——Noam Chomsky
TG/TG Grammar(Transformational Grammar/Transformational-Generative Grammar)——转换生成语法/转换生成语法——Noam Chomsky
UG(Universal Grammar)——普遍语法——Noam Chomsky
PPT(Principles and Parameters)——原则与参数——Noam Chomsky
Government and Binding——管辖/支配和约束——Noam Chomsky
Minimalist Program——最简方案——Noam Chomsky
Critical Period Hypothesis——临界期假说——Eric Lenneberg
Input Theory/Hypothesis——语言输入说——Krashen
Contrastive Analysis(CA)——对比分析理论(CA)——Charles Fries
说明:有的术语或其翻译在学界不止一个说法,为了周全,悉数列了出并用“/“隔开,比如design features的翻译。此外,乔氏的理论多列出了几个,剑桥大学出版的《语言学教程》将乔氏理论有机融入语言基础知识当中,个人感觉是很不错的一套语言学基础教程。
希望对你的学习有所帮助:-)
以上术语及其翻译参考:
Andrew Radford,et al, Linguistics: An Introduction,1999 [外研社已引进版权]
David Cristal,《现代语言学词典》(第四版)(沈家煊译),2000
胡壮麟,《语言学教程(修订版)》,2001
戴炜栋、何兆熊,《新编简明语言学教程》,2002
semantic triangle - 语义三角(论)
“语义三角”理论在名实区分的基础上,将语言涉及到的几个因素作了很好的区分,即将事物、概念(或思想)与词语三分,并说明各个因素各在何处。这就为很好地阐明语言与我们所处的外部世界的关系搭建了一个良好的平台。然而,要正确地分析语义、语义形式以及语义与外在事物的关系,语义三角理论给我们设定的三个维度是不够的,它忽略了语义三角中每一个雏度的各自的多个层面。要从外部世界的实际语音、客观事物到人脑中(内部世界)、语音形象、事物印象等多个角度及其关系考察语义指涉问题,并认识语言在语义指涉中的作用和局限,才有可能对语义指涉这个困扰人类的问题作出明晰可信的说明和解释。
What are the functions of language?语言的功能有哪些
语言在社会文化方面的功能很多,主要的是交际功能、标志功能、文化录传功能等。
“IC analysis” is a new approach of sentence study that cuts a sentence into two(or more) segments. This kind of pure segmentation is simply dividing a sentence into its constituent elements without even knowing what they really are . What remain of the first cut are called “immediate constituents”, and what are left at the final cut are called “ultimate constituents”. For example, “John left yesterday” can be thus segmented: “John| left | | yesterday”. We get two immediate constituents for the first cut (|), and they are “John” and “left yesterday”. Further split(||) this sentence generates three “ultimate constituents”: “John”, “left ” and “yesterday”.
Semantic triangle suggests that matching , a cognitive process , is involved in language learning , and a certain amount of matching can lead to the state of semantic point .
The conceptualist view is best illustrated by the classic semantic triangle triangle of significance suggested by Odgen and Richards.
New "Semantic Triangle "——World , Recognition and Language .
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